BROADCASTING ACT

영문법령 불러오는 중…

BROADCASTING ACT — 법갈피

Article 8(Restrictions on ownership) #

(1) Where a broadcasting business entity issues stocks, they shall be registered ones.

(2) No one shall own more than 40/100 of the total stocks or equity shares of a terrestrial broadcasting business entity or a program provider that engages in general programming or specialized programming of news reports, including the stocks or equity shares owned by persons having a special relationship prescribed by Presidential Decree (hereinafter referred to as "related party"); provided, the foregoing shall not apply to any of the following cases: <Amended on Mar. 22, 2004; Oct. 27, 2006; Jul. 31, 2009; Jun. 9, 2020>

1. Where the State or a local government owns stocks or equity shares of a broadcasting business entity;

2. Where the Foundation for Broadcast Culture established under the Foundation for Broadcast Culture Act owns stocks or equity shares of a broadcasting business entity;

3. Where any investment is made to a broadcasting business entity that aims at missionary work of religion.

(3) Notwithstanding paragraph (2), a company belonging to an enterprise group that meets the criteria prescribed by Presidential Decree, including the gross amount of assets, among the enterprise groups defined under subparagraph 11 of Article 2 of the Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act (hereinafter referred to as "conglomerate"), and its affiliates (including related parties), or a corporation (including related parties) that publishes daily newspapers under the Act on the Promotion of Newspapers (hereinafter referred to as "daily newspaper") or runs news communications under the Act on the Promotion of News Communications (hereinafter referred to as "news communications") shall not own more than 10/100 of the total stocks or equity shares of a terrestrial broadcasting business entity, and shall not own 30/100 of the total stocks or equity shares of a program provider engaging in general programming or specialized programming of new reports. <Amended on Dec. 18, 2002; May 29, 2003; Mar. 22, 2004; Jul. 31, 2009; Jan. 27, 2016; Jun. 9, 2020; Dec. 29, 2020>

(4) Any corporation that runs a daily newspaper business (including related parties) intending to own stocks or equity shares of a terrestrial broadcasting business entity or a program provider engaging in general programming or specialized programming of news reports shall submit information, such as the total number of publication copies and number of pay circulations, as prescribed by Presidential Decree, to the Korea Communications Commission for disclosure in order to ensure its management transparency. Notwithstanding paragraph (3), where the subscription rate (referring to the rate of households which subscribe to a specific pay daily newspaper for a given period, from among the total households, as prescribed by Presidential Decree; hereinafter the same shall apply) is 20/100 or higher than that of a daily newspaper, the corporation shall not concurrently run terrestrial broadcasting business and program-providing business that engage in general programming or specialized programming of news reports. <Added on Jul. 31, 2009>

(5) No corporation (including related parties) that publishes a daily newspaper or runs news communications shall own more than 49/100 of the total stocks or equity shares of any CATV broadcasting business entity or satellite broadcasting business entity. <Amended on Jan. 26, 2007; Jul. 31, 2009; Jan. 27, 2016>

(6) A terrestrial broadcasting business entity, a CATV broadcasting business entity, and a satellite broadcasting business entity shall not mutually and concurrently operate their business or own their stocks or equity shares in excess of limits prescribed by Presidential Decree, in consideration of market shares, the number of business entities, etc. <Amended on Jul. 31, 2009; Jun. 9, 2020>

(7) A terrestrial broadcasting business entity, a CATV broadcasting business entity, a satellite broadcasting business entity, a program provider and a signal transmission network business entity shall not mutually and concurrently operate their business or own their stocks or equity shares in excess of limits prescribed by Presidential Decree, in consideration of market shares, broadcasting fields, the number of business entities, etc. <Amended on Oct. 27, 2006; Jul.31, 2009; Jun. 9, 2020>

(8) A terrestrial broadcasting business entity, a CATV broadcasting business entity, or a satellite broadcasting business entity shall not concurrently operate another terrestrial broadcasting business, CATV broadcasting business, or satellite broadcasting business respectively, or own their stocks or equity shares in excess of limits prescribed by Presidential Decree, in consideration of market shares, the number of business entities, etc.; provided, the foregoing shall not apply where a terrestrial broadcasting business entity, in which the Foundation for Broadcast Culture established under the Foundation for Broadcast Culture Act is the largest investor, owns stocks or equity shares of another affiliated terrestrial broadcasting business entity as at the time this Act enters into force. <Amended on Mar. 22, 2004; Jul. 27, 2007; Jul. 31, 2009; Jun. 9, 2020>

(9) A program provider shall not concurrently operate other programs providing business or own its stocks or equity shares in excess of limits prescribed by Presidential Decree, in consideration of market share, the number of business entities, etc. <Amended on Jul. 31, 2009; Jun. 9, 2020>

(10) No political party shall own any stocks or equity shares of a broadcasting business entity. <Amended on Mar. 12, 2004; Jul. 31, 2009>

(11) Persons subject to prohibition of concurrent operation and restriction on ownership under paragraphs (6) through (9) include related parties to them. <Amended on Jul. 31, 2009>

(12) No person who owns stocks or equity shares, in violation of paragraphs (2) through (10), shall exercise his or her voting right to the stocks or equity shares owned in excess. <Amended on Jul. 31, 2009; Jun. 9, 2020

(13) The Minister of Science and ICT or the Korea Communications Commission may order a person who violates any of the following to rectify the relevant violation as follows within a given period not exceeding six months: <Amended on Mar. 23, 2013; Jul. 26, 2017>

1. The Minister of Science and ICT;

a. A person who violates paragraph (5);

b. A person who violates paragraphs (6) through (9) (limited to a broadcasting business entity, other than a broadcasting business entity referred to in Article 14(6)2, and a signal transmission network business entity);

2. The Korea Communications Commission;

a. A person that violates paragraphs (2) through (4), (10), (14) or (15);

b. A person that violates paragraphs (6) through (9) (limited to a broadcasting business entity referred to in Article 14(6)2).

(14) None of the following entities shall become a community radio broadcasting business entity: <Added on Oct. 27, 2006; Jul. 31, 2009>

1. The Government of the Republic of Korea;

2. A local government;

3. A religious organization;

4. A political party;

5. A person who intends to operate a community radio broadcasting business for profit.

(15) No community radio broadcasting business entity shall own more than one broadcasting station. <Added on Oct. 27, 2006; Jul. 31, 2009>

(16) No specific CATV broadcasting business entity shall provide a service in excess of 1/3 of the total number of subscribers to pay television service, including CATV broadcasting, satellite broadcasting and Internet multimedia broadcasting defined under subparagraph 1 of Article 2 of the Internet Multimedia Broadcast Services Act, by adding up the number of the subscribers to the following broadcasting business entities who are related parties to the relevant business entity: <Added on Jun. 22, 2015>

1. A CATV broadcasting business entity;

2. A satellite broadcasting business entity;

3. An Internet multimedia broadcast service provider defined under subparagraph 5a of Article 2 of the Internet Multimedia Broadcast Services Act.

(17) No specific satellite broadcasting business entity shall provide a service in excess of 1/3 of the total number of subscribers to pay television service, including CATV broadcasting, satellite broadcasting, and Internet multimedia broadcasting defined under subparagraph 1 of Article 2 of the Internet Multimedia Broadcast Services Act, by adding up the number of the subscribers to the following broadcasting business entities who are related parties to the relevant business entity: <Added on Jun. 22, 2015>

1. A CATV broadcasting business entity;

2. A satellite broadcasting business entity;

3. An Internet multimedia broadcasting business entity defined under subparagraph 5 of Article 2 of the Internet Multimedia Broadcast Services Act.

(18) The Minister of Science and ICT may designate a region where only satellite broadcasts are received, such as an island and a mountain region, as an exception area that can be excluded from calculating the number of subscribers pursuant to paragraphs (16) and (17). <Added on Jun. 22, 2015; Jul. 26, 2017>

(19) The calculation and verification of the number of subscribers pursuant to paragraphs (16) and (17), and other necessary matters shall be prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Added on Jun. 22, 2015>

[Title Amended on Jan. 11, 2022]

[Article 8(16)2 and 3 and paragraph (17) of that Article of the Act No. 13341 (Jun. 22, 2015) remain effective until June 27, 2018 pursuant to Article 2 of the Addenda to that Act]

Article 9(Licenses approval and registration) #

(1) A person who intends to operate a terrestrial broadcasting business shall obtain a license from the Korea Communications Commission. In such case, the Korea Communications Commission shall request a technical evaluation related to opening of radio stations under the Radio Waves Act to the Minister of Science and ICT, and shall reflect the results of the evaluation forwarded by the Minister of Science and ICT to the license thereof. <Amended on Mar. 23, 2013; Jul. 26, 2017>

(2) A person who intends to operate a satellite broadcasting business shall obtain a license from the Minister of Science and ICT for a broadcasting station, as prescribed by the Radio Waves Act, and a person who intends to operate a CATV broadcasting business or CATV relay broadcasting business shall obtain a license from the Minister of Science and ICT with facilities and technologies that satisfy the standards prescribed by Presidential Decree. In such cases, the Minister of Science and ICT shall obtain prior consent from the Korea Communications Commission. <Amended on Mar. 23, 2013; Jul. 26, 2017>

(3) Notwithstanding paragraph (2), where a CATV relay a broadcasting business entity that satisfies the standards prescribed by Presidential Decree intends to operate a CATV broadcasting business, he or she shall obtain approval from the Minister of Science and ICT. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Jul. 26, 2017; Jun. 9, 2020>

(4) A person who has obtained approval under paragraph (3) shall be deemed to have obtained a license for CATV broadcasting business entity defined under subparagraph 3b of Article 2 from the date he or she obtained such approval. <Amended on Jun. 9, 2020>

(5) A person who intends to operate a program-providing business shall file for registration or file a report with the Minister of Science and ICT according to the following classifications, and a person who intends to operate an electric sign board broadcasting business or CATV music broadcasting business shall file for registration with the Minister of Science and ICT; provided, a person who intends to operate a program-providing business engaged in general programming or specialized programming of news reports shall obtain approval from the Korea Communications Commission, and a person who intends to operate a program-providing business engaged in specialized programming of product introduction and sales shall obtain approval from the Minister of Science and ICT: <Amended on Oct. 22, 2024>

1. Where he or she intends to operate a program-providing business that engages in TV broadcasting business (excluding cases of providing broadcast programs so that viewers can select and watch a specific time and a specific broadcast program limited to this subparagraph): Registration;

2. Where he or she intends to engage in the following program-providing business: Reporting:

a. Where he or she intends to conduct a program-providing business that provides radio broadcasting services;

b. Where he or she intends to conduct a program-providing business that provides data broadcasting services;

c. Where he or she intends to conduct a program-providing business that provides broadcast programs in a manner that allows viewers to select specific programs at specific times.

(6) A person who intends to operate a business that provides satellite broadcasts utilizing wireless facilities of a satellite of a foreign country (limited to those, the signals of which can be received within the Korean territory) shall obtain approval from the Minister of Science and ICT. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Jul. 26, 2017; Jun. 9, 2020>

(7) Provisions applicable to satellite broadcasting business entities defined under subparagraph 3c of Article 2 shall apply mutatis mutandis to a person who has obtained approval under paragraph (6). <Amended on Jun. 9, 2020>

(8) A person who intends to use a specific channel of a radio station of a satellite of a foreign country (limited to those, the signals of which can be received within the Korean territory) upon entering into a contract to exclusively use the specific channel for the whole or some of airing hours shall obtain approval from the Minister of Science and ICT. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Jul. 26, 2017; Jun. 9, 2020>

(9) Provisions applicable to program providers defined under subparagraph 3d of Article 2 shall apply mutatis mutandis to a person who has obtained approval under paragraph (8). <Amended on Jun. 9, 2020>

(10) A person who intends to operate a signal transmission network business shall be registered with the Minister of Science and ICT. In such case, the Minister of Science and ICT shall not refuse registration unless an application for registration falls under any of the following: <Amended on Mar. 13, 2015; Jul. 26, 2017>

1. Where the application fails to meet the registration requirements prescribed by Presidential Decree, such as financial capacity and technical personnel;

2. Where the applicant for registration violates Article 13(1);

3. Where the representative of a corporation who has applied for registration falls under any of Article 13(3)1 through 6;

4. Where the application otherwise violates the restrictions imposed under this Act or other statutes or regulations.

(11) A person who intends to operate a community radio broadcasting business shall obtain a license from the Korea Communications Commission. In such case, the Korea Communications Commission shall request a technical evaluation related to opening of radio stations under the Radio Waves Act to the Minister of Science and ICT, and shall reflect the results of the evaluation forwarded by the Minister of Science and ICT to the license thereof. Other detailed matters necessary for operation, such as programming and financial resources of community radio broadcasting business entities, shall be prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Amended on Mar. 23, 2013; Jul. 26, 2017>

(12) Upon receipt of a report on a program-providing business under paragraph (5)2, the Minister of Science and ICT shall review the details of the report and accept it if it complies with this Act. <Added on Oct. 22, 2024>

(13) Procedures for licenses, approval, registration, and report under paragraphs (1) through (12) and other necessary matters shall be prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Amended on Oct. 27, 2006; Jul. 27, 2007; Feb. 29, 2008; Jun. 9, 2020; Oct. 22, 2024>

[Title Amended on Feb. 29, 2008]

Article 9-2(Requirements for registration and reporting of program-providing business) #

(1) Those who intend to register a program-providing business under the main clause of Article 9(5)1 shall meet the following requirements: <Amended on Oct. 22, 2024>

1. Both paid-in capital and actual capital (referring to capital only for the said program-providing business; the same shall apply in this Article) shall each be not less than five hundred million won. In such cases, the "capital" shall be deemed to be the "money invested" in the case of a corporation other than a stock company;

2. There shall be a master control room (referring to a place in which broadcast programming and transmission are comprehensively controlled; hereinafter the same shall apply), a subcontrol room (referring to a place in which the production of individual broadcast programs is controlled), a comprehensive editing room (referring to a place in which individual broadcast programs are completed by editing the audio, video, sound, etc.; hereinafter the same shall apply) and a transmission facility;

3. There shall be an office in which the said program-providing business is capable of being carried out;

4. The same channel name used by any other broadcasting business entity or a channel name that may confuse viewers shall not be used.

(2) Those who intend to file a report on the program-providing business under the main clause of Article 9(5)2 shall meet the following requirements: <Added on Oct. 22, 2024>

1. The paid-in capital and the actual capital shall each be at least 300 million won. In such cases, "capital" shall be deemed "contributed capital" in the case of a corporation other than a stock company;

2. The applicant shall have a master control room, a general editing room, and transmission facilities;

3. The same channel name used by any other broadcasting business entity or a channel name that may confuse viewers shall not be used.

(3) When a person concurrently operates several program-providing businesses, matters necessary for the standards, etc. for the application of capital requirements under paragraph (1)1 shall be provided for in Presidential Decree. <Amended on Oct. 22, 2024>

[This Article Added on Jul. 27, 2007]

[Title Amended on Oct. 22, 2024]

Article 9-3(Reporting on technology-combined services) #

(1) When a terrestrial broadcasting business entity (excluding a community radio broadcasting business entity; hereafter in paragraph (5) and Articles 18(2) and 19(2), the same shall apply), a CATV broadcasting business entity, a satellite broadcasting business entity, or an Internet multimedia broadcast service provider under subparagraph 5a of Article 2 of the Internet Multimedia Broadcast Services Act (hereinafter referred to as "Internet multimedia broadcast service provider") intends to provide a technology-combined service, he or she shall file a report thereon as follows; the same shall also apply to any modification of the reported details of technology-combined service:

1. A terrestrial broadcasting business entity: Filing a report to the Korea Communications Commission;

2. A CATV broadcasting business entity, a satellite broadcasting business entity, or an Internet multimedia broadcast service provider: Filing a report to the Minister of Science and ICT.

(2) Upon receipt of a report under paragraph (1), the Minister of Science and ICT or the Korea Communications Commission shall accept the report within a period prescribed by Presidential Decree from the date the report under paragraph (1) is received, if the details thereof satisfy the guidelines prescribed by Presidential Decree, such as the protection of the rights and interests of viewers and the promotion of fair competition.

(3) Upon receipt of a report under paragraph (1), the Korea Communications Commission shall request technical examination related to radio stations under the Radio Waves Act from the Minister of Science and ICT and shall reflect the examination results sent from the Minister of Science and ICT in accepting the report.

(4) Detailed matters, such as procedures for filing and accepting reports under paragraphs (1) and (2), shall be prescribed by Presidential Decree.

(5) Where a terrestrial broadcasting business entity, a CATV broadcasting business entity, a satellite broadcasting business entity, or an Internet multimedia broadcast service provider intends to suspend or discontinue the provision of technology-combined services, he or she shall file a report as follows:

1. A terrestrial broadcasting business entity: Filing a report to the Korea Communications Commission as prescribed by the Korea Communications Commission's regulations;

2. A CATV broadcasting business entity, a satellite broadcasting business entity, or an Internet multimedia broadcast service provider: Filing a report to the Minister of Science and ICT, as prescribed by Decree of the Ministry of Science and ICT.

(6) Upon receipt of a report under paragraph (5), the Minister of Science and ICT or the Korea Communications Commission shall review its details and accept the report if it complies with this Act.

[This Article Wholly Amended on Jan. 11, 2022]

Article 13(Grounds for disqualification) #

(1) None of the following persons may conduct broadcasting business or signal transmission network business: <Amended on Oct. 22, 2024>

1. The State, a local government, or a person who is not a corporation;

2. A corporation for which 3 years have not passed since license, approval, registration, or acceptance of a report was revoked under Article 18 (excluding where license, approval, registration, or acceptance of a report was revoked because it falls under paragraph (3)2 or 3).

(2) None of the following persons may conduct CATV relay broadcasting business or CATV music broadcasting business:

1. A foreigner or a foreign government or organization;

2. A minor or a person under adult guardianship;

3. A person declared bankrupt and not yet reinstated;

4. A person who was sentenced to a fine or heavier punishment for violating this Act and for whom three years have not passed since such sentence was completely executed or the non-execution of such sentence became final, or a person who is under suspension of the execution of such sentence;

5. A person for whom two years have not passed since a license or registration for CATV relay broadcasting business or CATV music broadcasting business was revoked pursuant to Article 18 (excluding a person for whom a license or registration was revoked because such person falls under Article 13(2)2 or 3).

(3) None of the following persons may serve as a representative of, or a person in charge of broadcast programming of, a corporation that has obtained a license or approval or has completed registration or filed a report under Article 9(1), (2), (3), (5), (6), (8), (10), or (11): <Amended on Oct. 22, 2024>

1. A foreigner;

2. A minor or a person under adult guardianship;

3. A person declared bankrupt and not yet reinstated;

5. A person who was sentenced to imprisonment without labor or heavier punishment for committing a crime provided in Articles 87 through 90, 92, and 101 of the Criminal Act, Articles 5 through 8, 9(2), and 11 through 16 of the Military Criminal Act, or Articles 3 through 9 of the National Security Act and for whom such sentence is not completely executed or the non-execution of such sentence has not become final, or a person who is under suspension of the execution of such sentence;

6. A person who is under security surveillance under the Security Surveillance Act, protective custody under the previous Social Protection Act (referring to the Act in force prior to repeal by Act No. 7656), or medical treatment and custody under the Medical Treatment and Custody Act;

7. A representative of a foreign corporation or organization (excluding signal transmission network business).

[This Article Wholly Amended on Jan. 11, 2022]

Article 14(Foreign capital investment and contribution) #

(1) No terrestrial broadcasting business entity or community radio broadcasting business entity shall receive an investment or a contribution of property from any of the following entities; provided, it may receive property contributions from a foreign organization operated for facilitating education, athletics, religion, charity and other international friendship, if it has obtained approval from the Korea Communications Commission: <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Jul. 31, 2009; Mar. 23, 2013; Jun. 9, 2020>

1. A foreign government or organization;

2. A foreigner;

3. A corporation, stocks or equity shares of which are owned by a foreign government or organization or a foreigner in excess of the ratio prescribed by Presidential Decree.

(2) A program provider engaging in general programming or a CATV relay broadcasting business entity shall not receive an investment or contribution of property from any of the entities referred to in the subparagraphs of paragraph (1), in excess of 20/100 of the total stocks or equity shares of the relevant corporation; and a program provider engaging in specialized programming of news reports shall not receive an investment or contribution of property from any of the entities referred to in the subparagraphs of paragraph (1) in excess of 10/100 of the total stocks or equity shares of the relevant corporation. <Amended on Jul. 31, 2009>

(3) A CATV broadcasting business entity, satellite broadcasting business entity and program provider (excluding a person engaging in general programming or specialized programming of news reports) or a signal transmission network business entity shall not receive an investment or contribution of property from any of the entities referred to in the subparagraphs of paragraph (1) in excess of 49/100 of the total stocks or equity shares of the relevant corporation; provided, in cases of program provider (excluding a person engaging in general programming, specialized programming of news reports, or specialized programming featuring and marketing products), no corporation, the stocks or equity shares of which are owned by the government, an organization or a national of the contracting country of any free trade agreement determined and notified by the Minister of Science and ICT, among the free trade agreements that the Republic of Korea entered into with a foreign country bilaterally or multi-laterally and has taken effect, shall deem an entity referred to in paragraph (3)1 although it meets the requirements provided in paragraph (3)1. <Amended on Mar. 22, 2004; Jul. 31, 2009; Mar. 13, 2015; Jul. 26, 2017; Dec. 10, 2019; Jun. 9, 2020>

(4) The stocks or equity shares owned by all entities referred to in the subparagraphs of paragraph (1) shall be aggregated for the application of paragraphs (2) and (3). <Added on Mar. 22, 2004; Jun. 9, 2020>

(5) Where a broadcasting business entity, a CATV relay broadcasting business entity or a signal transmission network business entity violates any of paragraphs (1) through (3), the owner of the stocks or equity shares who has provided the ground for such a violation may not exercise the voting rights to the pertinent owned portion or excess portion. <Added on Mar. 22, 2004; Jun. 9, 2020>

(6) Where a broadcasting business entity, a CATV relay broadcasting business entity or a signal transmission network business entity violates any of paragraphs (1) through (3), the Minister of Science and ICT or the Korea Communications Commission may issue an order to correct the pertinent matters to any of the following persons within a specified period not exceeding six months: <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Jul. 26, 2017>

1. The Minister of Science and ICT: A broadcasting business entity, other than that referred to in subparagraph 2, the CATV relay broadcasting business entity, the signal transmission network business entity, or the owner of the stocks or equity shares who has provided the ground for such a violation;

2. The Korea Communications Commission: A terrestrial broadcasting business entity, a community radio broadcasting business entity or a program provider engaged in general programming or specialized programming of news reports, or the owner of the stocks or equity shares who has provided the ground for such a violation.

Article 15(Permission for modifications) #

(1) When a broadcasting business entity, CATV relay broadcasting business entity, CATV music broadcasting business entity, or electric sign board broadcasting business entity intends to modify any of the following matters, it shall obtain license for modifications or approval for modifications, or completes registration of modifications or files a report on modifications, with the Minister of Science and ICT or the Korea Communications Commission. In such cases, Article 9(1), (2), (3), (5), (6), (8), (10) through (12) shall apply mutatis mutandis to such procedures: <Amended on Dec. 18, 2002; Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Jul. 26, 2017; Dec. 10, 2019; Jun. 9, 2020; Jan. 23, 2024; Oct. 22, 2024>

1. Merger and division of the relevant corporation; provided, where a CATV broadcasting business entity or a satellite broadcasting business entity intends to merge with a corporation that is an affiliated company defined in subparagraph 12 of Article 2 of the Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act, such merger shall be reported to the Minister of Science and ICT, as prescribed by Presidential Decree;

2. Conversion of the business run by an individual to the business of a corporation;

3. Deleted; <Oct. 27, 2006>

4. Transfer of the business run by an individual;

5. A modification of broadcast fields;

6. A modification of the broadcasting zone;

7. Other modifications of important facilities prescribed by Presidential Decree.

(2) A terrestrial broadcasting business entity or community radio broadcasting business entity shall report without delay to the Korea Communications Commission upon the change of any of the following matters: <Amended on Dec. 18, 2002; Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013>

1. Its representative;

2. The person in charge of broadcast programming;

3. Name or trade name of the corporation;

4. Location of its principal office.

(3) A broadcasting business entity (excluding a terrestrial broadcasting business entity and community radio broadcasting business entity), CATV relay broadcasting business entity, CATV music broadcasting business entity or electric sign board broadcasting business entity report without delay to the Minister of Science and ICT upon the change of any of the following matters; provided, a program provider engaged in general programming or specialized programming of news reports shall report without delay to the Korea Communications Commission: <Amended on Dec. 18, 2002; Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Jul. 26, 2017; Jun. 9, 2020>

1. Its representative;

2. The person in charge of broadcast programming (limited to any broadcasting business entity);

3. Name or trade name of the corporation;

4. Location of its principal office.

(4) Upon receipt of a report under the proviso of paragraph (1)1, the Minister of Science and ICT shall examine the details of the report and accept the report if it meets the standards prescribed by Presidential Decree, such as the factual accuracy of the reported details. In such cases, detailed matters, such as acceptance of the report, shall be prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Added on Jan. 23, 2024>

Article 15-2(Modified approval for largest investor) #

(1) A person who intends to be the largest investor (referring to a person who has the highest ratio of the voting stocks or equity shares by aggregating the stocks or equity shares of the person himself or herself who is the investor in the relevant business entity and related parties to such person; hereinafter the same shall apply) of or to substantially control the management right of the relevant business entity through the acquisition, etc. of the stocks or equity shares of a broadcasting business entity or a CATV relay broadcasting business entity shall obtain approval of the Minister of Science and ICT or the Korea Communications Commission, as follows; provided, a person who intends to be the largest investor in, or to substantially control the management right of, a program provider who has filed for registration or reported under the main clause of Article 9(5) shall report to the Minister of Science and ICT: <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Jul. 26, 2017; Dec. 10, 2019; Jun. 9, 2020; Oct. 22, 2024>

1. A person who intends to become the largest investor of or to substantially control the management right of a broadcasting business entity or CATV relay broadcasting business entity under Article 14(6)1: The Minister of Science and ICT;

2. A person who intends to become the largest investor of or to substantially control the management right of a broadcasting business entity under Article 14(6)2: The Korea Communications Commission.

(2) The Minister of Science and ICT or the Korea Communications Commission shall examine the following matters before granting approval under the main clause of paragraph (1): <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Jul. 26, 2017; Jun. 9, 2020>

1. Possibility of realizing the public responsibility, impartiality and public interest of broadcasting;

2. Social confidence and financial capacity;

3. Protection of the right and interest of viewers;

4. Other matters necessary for business performance.

(3) A person who has become the largest investor or a person who has come to substantially control the management right without receiving approval under the main clause of paragraph (1) shall not exercise his or her voting rights with respect to the stocks or equity shares acquired without receiving approval, and the Minister of Science and ICT or the Korea Communications Commission may issue an order necessary for correction, such as disposing of the stocks or equity shares, the person who has acquired the relevant stocks or equity shares within a specified period not exceeding six months. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Jul. 26, 2017; Dec. 10, 2019; Jun. 9, 2020; Oct. 22, 2024>

(4) Upon receipt of a report under the proviso of paragraph (1), the Minister of Science and ICT shall review the details thereof and accept the relevant report if it complies with this Act. In such cases, notwithstanding Article 34 of the Framework Act on Administration, a report shall be effective retroactively from the date the relevant program provider performed an act subject to reporting, such as acquisition of stocks or shares. <Added on Jan. 11, 2022>

(5) The cases where a person has come to substantially control the management right under paragraphs (1) and (3), procedures for approval and reporting and other necessary matters shall be prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Amended on Jun. 9, 2020; Jan. 11, 2022>

[This Article Added on Oct. 27, 2006]

[Title Amended on Jan. 11, 2022]

Article 17(Renewed licenses) #

(1) A broadcasting business entity (excluding a program provider) and a CATV relay broadcasting business entity shall obtain a renewed license from the Minister of Science and ICT or the Korea Communications Commission in order to continue broadcasting after expiration of the period of validity of its license. Article 9(1), (2) and (11) shall apply mutatis mutandis to such cases. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Jul. 26, 2017>

(2) A program provider who receives approval under the proviso of Article 9(5) shall be granted renewed approval from the Minister of Science and ICT or the Korea Communications Commission in order to continue broadcasting after expiration of the period of validity of the approval. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Jul. 26, 2017; Jun. 9, 2020; Oct. 2, 2024>

(3) Where the Minister of Science and ICT or the Korea Communications Commission grants a renewed license or renewed approval prescribed in paragraph (1) or (2), it shall evaluate the matters provided for in the subparagraphs of Article 10(1) and the following matters, and publicly announce the results thereof: <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Feb. 22, 2012; Mar. 23, 2013; Jul. 26, 2017; Dec. 24, 2018; Jun. 9, 2020; Aug. 26, 2025>

1. Evaluation of broadcasting pursuant to Article 31(1);

2. Frequency of correction orders issued under this Act and examples of non-compliances with such correction orders;

2-2. Whether the statutes or regulations prescribed by Presidential Decree are violated, in consideration of the public accountability of broadcasting;

3. Evaluation of broadcasting programs by the viewers‘ committee;

4. Level of contribution to developing the local communities;

5. Whether supporting plans are implemented for the development of broadcasting;

5-2. Level of support for commercials sales to regional terrestrial network broadcasting business entities and small or medium terrestrial broadcasting business entities pursuant to Article 20(2) of the Act on Broadcast Advertising Sales Agencies;

6. Matters concerning the establishment, amendment, and compliance with the broadcast programming covenant under Article 4(4) through (6);

7. Matters concerning the establishment and operation of the programming committee under Article 4-2 and compliance with matters deliberated and resolved by the committee;

8. Compliance with other matters to be observed by the broadcasting business entity at the time of granting the license or approval.

(4) Article 10(2) and (3) shall apply mutatis mutandis to a renewed license prescribed in paragraph (1) or renewed approval prescribed in paragraph (2). <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Jun. 9, 2020>

Article 18(Revocation of licenses, approval or registration) #

(1) Where a broadcasting business entity, a CATV relay broadcasting business entity, a CATV music broadcasting business entity, an electric sign board broadcasting business entity, or a signal transmission network business entity falls under any of the following categories, the Minister of Science and ICT or the Korea Communications Commission may, depending on the competent jurisdiction, revoke a license, approval, registration, or acceptance of report of such business entity, suspend all or part of the business affairs for a specified period of up to 6 months, or issue an order to suspend advertisements or shorten the validity period of license or approval under Article 16; provided, the foregoing shall not apply where a representative of, or a person in charge of broadcast programming of, a corporation, who falls under any subparagraph of Article 13(3) is replaced with a new executive officer within 3 months: <Amended on Jul. 27, 2007; Feb. 29, 2008; Jul. 31, 2009; Mar. 23, 2013; May 28, 2014; Mar. 13, 2015; Dec. 22, 2015; Jul. 26, 2017; Jun. 9, 2020; Jan. 11, 2022; Oct. 22, 2024>

1. Where he or she obtains the license, modified license or renewed license, or approval, modified approval, or renewed approval, or files for registration or modified registration, or filed a report or report on modifications, by fraud or other improper means;

2. Where he or she owns stocks or equity shares, in violation of Article 8;

3. Where he or she falls under grounds for disqualification prescribed in Article 13;

4. Where he or she accepts an investment or contribution of property, in violation of Article 14;

5. Where he or she fails to commence broadcasting or relevant business within 2 years from the date of receiving the license or approval, or completing the registration or filing a report under this Act;

6. Where he or she fails to obtain a modified license or modified approval or fails to complete modified registration or to file a modified report, in violation of Article 15(1);

7. Where he or she fails to comply with an order, etc. that requires him or her to modify the terms and conditions or to give notice reminding modifications prescribed in Article 77(7);

8. Deleted; <Jan. 27, 2016>

8-2. Where he or she fails to comply with an order to maintain or resume broadcasting issued under Article 91-7(1);

9. Where he or she fails to comply with either a corrective order issued under Article 99(1) or an order to improve the relevant facilities issued under Article 99(2);

10. Where he or she fails to comply with a sanction imposed under Article 100(1);

11. Where he or she fails to implement an order issued under Article 69-2(5);

12. Where a broadcasting business entity organizes channels impartially by internal or external unreasonable interference;

13. Where the Minister of Science and ICT was notified by the Korea Communications Commission pursuant to the latter part of Article 85-2(2).

(2) Where a terrestrial broadcasting business entity, a CATV broadcasting business entity, a satellite broadcasting business entity, or an Internet multimedia broadcast service provider receives a report under Article 9-3(2) by fraud or other improper means, the Minister of Science, ICT and Future Planning or the Korea Communications Commission may revoke the acceptance of the report or suspend all or part of its business affairs or may order the suspension of advertisements for a specified period of up to six months. <Added on Dec. 22, 2015; Jul. 26, 2017; Jun. 9, 2020; Jan. 11, 2022>

(3) Where a program provider who is registered or who files a report under the main clause of Article 9(5) falls under any of the following cases, the Minister of Science and ICT may revoke the registration or the acceptance of a report. <Added on Dec. 10, 2019; Jan. 11, 2022; Oct. 22, 2024>

1. Where broadcasting has not been conducted for at least five consecutive years;

2. Where the business is closed before a report is accepted pursuant to Article 84(2).

(4) Matters necessary for the criteria and procedures for issuing orders under paragraphs (1) and (2), methods for verifying matters under the subparagraphs of paragraph (3), etc. shall be prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Amended on Jul. 27, 2007; Jul. 31, 2009; Dec. 22, 2015; Dec. 10, 2019>

(5) Where the Minister of Science and ICT or the Korea Communications Commission revokes license, approval, registration, or acceptance of a report under paragraph (1) or fails to grant renewed license or renewed approval under Article 17, he or she may require the relevant business entity to continue broadcasting for a specified period not exceeding 12 months until a person who succeeds to the business commences broadcasting, as prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Newly Inserted by Jul. 31, 2009; Mar. 23, 2013; Jul. 26, 2017; Mar. 13, 2018; Dec. 10, 2019; Oct. 10, 2024>

[Title Amended on Jan. 11, 2022]

Article 20(Appointment of representatives of broadcasting business entities) #

(1) To recommend candidates for the representative of any broadcasting business entity falling under any of the following subparagraphs, Public Recommendation Committee for Presidential Candidates shall be established within the board of governors of the relevant broadcasting business entity (in the case of subparagraph 2, this refers to the Foundation for Broadcast Culture established under the Foundation for Broadcast Culture Act). In such cases, the composition and operation of the Public Recommendation Committee for Presidential Candidates shall be prescribed by separate regulations:

1. The Korea Broadcasting System provided in Article 43;

2. A broadcasting business entity whose largest investor is the Foundation for Broadcast Culture established under the Foundation for Broadcast Culture Act;

3. The Korea Educational Broadcasting System under the Korea Educational Broadcasting System Act.

(2) The representative of a program provider engaged in specialized programming of news shall be appointed by the board of governors of the relevant broadcasting business entity from among multiple candidates recommended by the president recommendation committee provided in paragraph (3).

(3) A broadcasting business entity under paragraph (2) shall establish and operate a recommendation committee of the president through consultation with the bargaining representative trade union (referring to the representative trade union under Article 29 (2) of the Trade Union and Labor Relations Adjustment Act; hereinafter the same shall apply) in order to receive recommendations for candidates for the representative.

(4) A broadcasting business entity under paragraph (2) shall specify in its articles of incorporation matters concerning the composition and operation of the president recommendation committee, including the number of members, the method of composition, and the deadline for recommending candidates, and any matters not prescribed in the articles of incorporation shall be determined by operating rules established through agreement with the bargaining representative trade union.

[This Article Added on Aug. 26, 2025]

Article 33(Review regulations) #

(1) The Korea Communications Standards Commission shall formulate and publicly announce rules concerning the review of broadcasts (hereinafter referred to as "Review Regulations") to deliberate on the impartiality and public nature of broadcasts. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008>

(2) Review Regulations formulated under paragraph (1) shall include the following: <Amended on Oct. 27, 2006; Feb. 29, 2008; Jul. 31, 2009; May 28, 2014; Dec. 10, 2019; Jun. 9, 2020>

1. Matters concerning maintaining the fundamental democratic order provided in the Constitution, and respect for human rights;

2. Matters concerning protecting sound family lives;

3. Matters concerning protecting children and youths and sound character building;

4. Matters concerning public morals and social ethics;

5. Matters concerning gender equality;

6. Matters concerning advancing international friendship;

7. Matters concerning enhancing the rights and the interests of classes alienated by the broadcasting, such as persons with disabilities;

8. Matters concerning prohibition against discrimination on grounds of race, nationality, region, religion, etc.;

9. Matters concerning promoting national culture and cultivating national identity;

10. Matters concerning the impartiality and public nature of news reports or commentaries;

11. Matters concerning purifying a language;

12. Matters concerning protecting the natural environment;

13. Matters concerning sound consumption and protection of the rights and interests of viewers;

14. Matters concerning the prevention of suicide and the creation of culture of respect for life;

15. Matters concerning items or content prohibited from commercials under statutes or regulations;

16. Matters concerning the impartiality and public interest of commercials;

17. Other matters concerning the deliberation duties of the Korea Communications Standards Commission under this Act.

(3) A broadcasting business entity, CATV relay broadcasting business entity, electric sign board broadcasting business entity and external producer shall observe the Review Regulations. <Added on Jan. 27, 2016>

(4) A broadcasting business entity shall rate a broadcast program considering the degree of harmfulness of the broadcast program in terms of violence, lewdness, etc., the age of viewers, and other factors, and indicate it while broadcasting the program in order to protect children and juveniles. <Amended on Jan. 27, 2016; Jun. 9, 2020>

(5) The Korea Communications Standards Commission shall prescribe the rating criteria and other necessary matters with regard to rating broadcast programs under paragraph (4) by the Korea Communications Standards Commission's regulations, and publicly announce them. In such case, the rating criteria may be varied considering characteristics of the broadcast media, broadcast fields, etc. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Jan. 27, 2016>

(6) Where the Korea Communications Standards Commission deems that the rating of a broadcast program self-assigned by a broadcasting business entity under paragraph (4) is improper, it may require the relevant broadcasting business entity to adjust the rating of the pertinent broadcast program. <Amended on Oct. 27, 2006; Feb. 29, 2008; Jan. 27, 2016; Dec. 10, 2019>

Article 35-3(Composition and operation of Broadcasting Dispute Conciliation Committee) #

(1) The Korea Communications Commission may establish a Broadcasting Dispute Conciliation Committee under its control in order to efficiently mediate disputes arising in connection with broadcasting between and among the following persons; provided, the Copyright Act shall apply where the subject matter of the dispute to be mediated is related to copyright: <Amended on Jan. 27, 2016>

1. A broadcasting business entity;

2. A CATV relay broadcasting business entity;

3. A CATV music broadcasting business entity;

4. An electric signboard broadcasting business entity;

5. A signal transmission network business entity;

6. An Internet multimedia broadcasting business entity defined under subparagraph 5 of Article 2 of the Internet Multimedia Broadcast Services Act (hereinafter referred to as "Internet multimedia broadcasting business entity");

7. A telecommunications business entity defined under subparagraph 8 of Article 2 of the Telecommunications Business Act;

8. An external producer.

(2) The Broadcasting Dispute Conciliation Committee shall be comprised of at least five but not more than seven members, including one chairperson designated by Chairperson of the Korea Communications Commission. <Added on Jan. 27, 2016>

(3) The members of the Broadcasting Dispute Conciliation Committee shall be commissioned by the Chairperson of the Korea Communications Commission upon the consent of the Korea Communications Commission. In such case, one person recommended by the Minister of Culture, Sport and Tourism must be included: <Amended on Jan. 27, 2016>

1. A person who has served as a judge, prosecutor or attorney-at-law for at least five years;

2. A person who has served as a certified public accountant for at least five years;

3. A person who has served as a faculty in a department related to law, administration, business administration, accounting or journalism and broadcasting for at least five years;

4. Other persons who have abundant knowledge and experience regarding broadcasting.

(4) The terms of office of members of the Broadcasting Dispute Conciliation Committee shall be two years, and may be consecutively renewed only once; provided, a member appointed to fill a vacancy before this expiration of the term for which his or her predecessor was appointed shall serve for the remainder of such term. <Added on Jan. 27, 2016>

(5) A member of the Broadcasting Dispute Conciliation Committee shall be excluded from deliberating and deciding on the case applied for dispute mediation with the Broadcasting Dispute Conciliation Committee (hereinafter referred to as "case") if: <Added on Jan. 27, 2016>

1. Where the member of the Broadcasting Dispute Conciliation Committee or his or her current or ex-spouse is a disputing party to the relevant case or is in a relationship of a joint right-holder or obligor with the disputing party;

2. Where the member of the Broadcasting Dispute Conciliation Committee is or was a relative of a disputing party to the relevant case;

3. Where the member of the Broadcasting Dispute Conciliation Committee is or was involved in the relevant case as an agent of a disputing party to the relevant case;

4. Where the member of the Broadcasting Dispute Conciliation Committee has given a testimony, an expert’s opinion, or legal advice regarding the relevant case.

(6) Where circumstances indicate that it would be impracticable to expect fair deliberation and decisions of a member impartially on a case, any disputing party to a case may file an application for challenge with the Chairperson of the Broadcasting Dispute Conciliation Committee. In such case, the Chairperson shall decide whether to accept the application for challenge without referring the application to the Broadcasting Dispute Conciliation Committee for resolution. <Added on Jan. 27, 2016>

(7) On any of the grounds provided in paragraphs (5) or (6), a member of the Broadcasting Dispute Conciliation Committee may recuse himself or herself from deliberating and deciding on the case. <Added on Jan. 27, 2016>

(8) Where an external producer is a disputing party, the Broadcasting Dispute Conciliation Committee established under paragraph (1) or the Content Dispute Conciliation Committee established under the main clause of Article 29(1) of the Content Industry Promotion Act may mediate the dispute, upon application of one disputing party or both disputing parties. <Added on Jan. 27, 2016>

(9) The composition and operation of the Broadcasting Dispute Conciliation Committee, the mediation of disputes and other necessary matters shall be prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Added on Jan. 27, 2016>

[This Article Added on Oct. 27, 2006]

[Title Amended on Jan. 27, 2016]

Article 46(Establishment and operation of board of directors) #

(1) The System shall have a board of directors as the highest decision-making body for the management of the System in order to guarantee the independence and public nature of the System.

(2) The board of governors shall be comprised of 15 governors, including the chairperson. <Amended on Aug. 26, 2025>

(3) The governors shall be recommended by the Korea media and Communications Commission in consideration of expertise in broadcasting, regional representation, and representativeness of various sectors of society, in accordance with the following subparagraphs, and appointed by the President. In such cases, the President shall appoint the governors within 14 days from the date of recommendation, unless any ground for disqualification under Article 48 exists, and if that period elapses, they shall be deemed to have been appointed: <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Aug. 26, 2025>

1. Six persons recommended by the negotiating groups of the National Assembly in proportion to their respective share of seats. The quota of nominees for each negotiating group shall be determined according to the following formula. In such cases, whole-number quotas shall be allocated first, and any remaining quotas shall be allocated in descending order of the fractional remainders, and if the fractional remainders are equal, the allocation shall be determined by drawing lots;

┌───┬─────────────────┐

│ Number of nominees per negotiating group = 6 × Number of seats held by the relevant negotiating group ÷ The total number of seats held by each negotiating group │

│ │

└───────────────────────────────┘

2. Two persons recommended by KBS viewers' committee under Article 87 (including the viewers' committee established in a regional broadcasting station under Article 43(4);

3. Three persons recommended by a majority of the executive officers and employees of KBS, in consideration of expertise in broadcasting and the representativeness of occupational categories such as news reporting, production, and engineerin;

4. Two persons jointly recommended by three academic associations related to broadcasting media, as determined by the Regulations of the Korea Media and Communications Commission in consideration of factors such as their activity periods, major activities, and number of members;

5. Two persons, one each recommended by two organizations of attorneys as determined by the Regulations of the Korea Media and Communications Commission in consideration of factors such as their activity periods, major activities, and number of members.

(4) Each recommending body under the subparagraphs of paragraph (3) shall establish democratic procedures and methods for collecting the opinions of its members, as well as measures to ensure fairness and transparency, and, when recommending governors, shall make such recommendation public together with the following matters. In such cases, with respect to paragraph (3)2 and 3, KBS shall prescribe such matters by the broadcast programming covenant: <Added on Aug. 26, 2025>

1. Criteria and procedures for recommending governors;

2. Public invitation and opinion-gathering process;

3. Reasons for recommendation.

(5) The chairperson of the board of governors shall be elected from among the governors at a meeting of the board of governors. <Amended on Aug. 26, 2025>

(6) The governors, including the chairperson of the board of governors, shall be non-permanent. <Amended on Aug. 26, 2025>

(7) The chairperson shall convene meetings of the board of governors and preside over such meetings. <Amended on Aug. 26, 2025>

(8) The board of governors shall adopt resolutions with the affirmative vote of a majority of its incumbent members; provided, the proposal for the appointment of the president pursuant to Article 49(1)7 shall be resolved by the affirmative vote of at least three-fifths of the incumbent governors within 14 days from the date of recommendation of the presidential candidate by the Public Recommendation Committee for Presidential Candidates pursuant to Article 50-2. <Amended on Aug. 26, 2025>

(9) Notwithstanding the proviso of paragraph (8), where no resolution is adopted on a proposal for the appointment of the president within 14 days from the date of recommendation of a candidate for the president, a final vote shall be taken within 14 days from the date of the last vote between the candidate who received the highest number of votes and the runner-up at the last vote; or, if two or more candidates received the highest number of votes, among such candidates; the candidate who obtains the largest number of votes in the final vote shall be recommended for appointment. <Added on Aug. 26, 2025>

(10) The procedures and processes for recommending candidates for president by the President Candidate National Recommendation Committee under Article 50-2 and for submitting a proposal for the appointment of the president by the board of governors shall be conducted in a public and transparent manner. <Added on Aug. 26, 2025; Aug. 26, 2025>

(11) When the chairperson of the board of governors is unable to perform his or her duties due to extenuating circumstances, one of the governors shall act for him or her, as prescribed by the articles of incorporation. <Amended on Jun. 9, 2020; Aug. 26, 2025>

(12) The meetings of the board of governors shall be open to the public; provided, the foregoing shall not apply in any of the following circumstances, following a resolution by the board of governors: <Added on May 28, 2014; Aug. 26, 2025>

1. Where the any matter classified as confidential or the disclosure of which is restricted under other statutes or regulations are included;

2. Where an open meeting is deemed likely to harm the reputation or rightful interests of an individual, corporation or organization;

3. Where the disclosure of matters concerning audit, personal management, etc. is likely to substantially hinder fair performance of duties.

[Title Amended on May 28, 2014]

Article 50-2(Establishment of the Public Recommendation Committee for Presidential Candidates) #

(1) A committee for recommending candidates for the president of KBS to the board of governors (hereinafter referred to as the "Public Recommendation Committee for Presidential Candidates") shall be established.

(2) The Public Recommendation Committee for Presidential Candidates shall be composed of at least 100 members, and its membership shall reflect the distribution of the population by gender, age, and region. In such cases, the task of constituting the Public Recommendation Committee for Presidential Candidates may be entrusted to a polling organization registered under Article 8-9 of the Public Official Election Act that meets the criteria prescribed by the Regulations of the Korea Media and Communications Commission.

(3) The board of governors shall ensure that the Public Recommendation Committee for Presidential Candidates is constituted fairly, and shall guarantee that the Public Recommendation Committee for Presidential Candidates operates independently and impartially.

(4) The board of governors shall formulate detailed standards to ensure that the Public Recommendation Committee for Presidential Candidates is constituted and operated in accordance with paragraphs (2) and (3).

(5) The Public Recommendation Committee for Presidential Candidates shall recommend no more than 3 candidates to the board of governors through the process of presenting management plans, interviews, and deliberative discussions by the presidential candidates.

(6) The meetings of the Public Recommendation Committee for Presidential Candidates, including activities pursuant to paragraph (5), shall be convened with the attendance of at least 100 members.

(7) The board of governors shall constitute the Public Recommendation Committee for President Candidates no later than 90 days before the expiration of the president's term, unless there is any special reason not to do so.

(8) Except as provided in paragraphs (1) through (7), matters necessary for the composition and operation of the Public Recommendation Committee for Presidential Candidates and the recommendation of presidential candidates shall be determined by the board of governors.

[This Article Added on Aug. 26, 2025]

Article 69(Programming of broadcast programs) #

(1) A broadcasting business entity shall program the broadcast programs to suit the purposes of impartiality, public nature, diversity, balance, truth, etc. <Amended on Jun. 9, 2020>

(2) A broadcasting business entity that engages in general programming shall ensure a well-balanced presentation of subject matters of each field, such as politics, economy, society and culture.

(3) A broadcasting business entity that engages in general programming shall program the broadcast programs to include news reports, culture and entertainment in compliance with the standards prescribed by Presidential Decree, and program such broadcast programs to be well-coordinated with each other. In such case, there shall be no preponderancy of the broadcast programs in a specified broadcast field during the prime time zone prescribed by Presidential Decree (hereinafter referred to as "prime time zone"). <Amended on Jun. 9, 2020>

(4) A broadcasting business entity engaged in specialized programming shall arrange its broadcast programs in accordance with the standards prescribed by Presidential Decree, so as to ensure that the principal broadcast field for which it has obtained a license or approval or completed registration or filed a report is sufficiently reflected. <Amended on Jun. 9, 2020; Oct. 22, 2024>

(5) The scope and types of broadcast programs that a broadcasting business entity engaged in specialized programming may incidentally program in addition to the main broadcast fields for which it has obtained license or approval, or has registered or reported, shall be prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Added on Oct. 27, 2006; Oct. 22, 2024>

(6) The Korean Broadcasting System, a broadcasting business entity licensed under the Special Act, a broadcasting business entity financed by the Foundation for Broadcast Culture established under the Foundation for Broadcast Culture Act, or a terrestrial broadcasting business entity who is not the one financed by a broadcasting business entity financed by the Foundation for Broadcast Culture, shall not program the production of a certain broadcasting business entity in excess of the ratio prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Amended on Oct. 27, 2006; Jun. 9, 2020>

(7) The Korean Broadcasting System shall program viewer participation programs directly produced by viewers, as prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Amended on Oct. 27, 2006; Jun. 9, 2020>

(8) Any broadcasting business entity shall broadcast using Korean sign language, closed caption subtitles, screen commentaries, etc. to assist persons with disabilities in watching broadcasts (hereinafter referred to as "broadcasting for persons with disabilities"). In such cases, the Korea Communications Commission may wholly or partially subsidize expenses incurred by a broadcasting business entity in providing broadcasts for persons with disabilities or in supplying receivers to watch broadcasting for persons with disabilities from the Broadcasting Communications Development Fund under Article 24 of the Framework Act on Broadcasting Communications Development. <Amended on Jul. 14, 2011; Mar. 23, 2013; May 28, 2014; Feb. 3, 2016>

(9) The scope of broadcasting business entities that are obligated to provide broadcasts for persons with disabilities under paragraph (8), the types of broadcast programs to be broadcast for persons with disabilities, and matters necessary for the implementation thereof shall be prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Added on Jul. 14, 2011>

(10) Any community radio broadcasting business entity shall arrange listener participation programs in at least the rate prescribed by Presidential Decree within 50/100 of the total broadcasting hours of each month. <Added on Oct. 27, 2006; Jul. 14, 2011; Jun. 9, 2020>

(11) No community radio broadcasting business entity shall program the production of a certain community radio broadcasting business entity in excess of the ratio prescribed by Presidential Decree within 50/100 of the total broadcasting hours of each month. <Added on Dec. 22, 2015>

(12) A broadcasting business entity shall endeavor to provide Korean-language dubbing for foreign-language dialogue when broadcasting foreign-language films, animations, and other programs, for the preservation and protection of Korean language. In such cases, the Korea Communications Commission may subsidize the entity to cover expenses incurred for such dubbing from the Broadcasting and Communications Development Fund established under Article 24 of the Framework Act on Broadcasting and Communications Development. <Added on Jan. 30, 2024>

Article 69-2(Restrictions on share of audience) #

(1) The share of audience of a broadcasting business entity (referring to the percentage of hours tuned to a specific broadcasting channel, out of total watching hours of total television broadcasting; hereinafter the same shall apply) shall not exceed 30/100; provided, the same shall not apply where the broadcasting business entity is fully funded by the Government or a local government.

(2) The share of audience of a broadcasting business entity under paragraph (1) shall be determined by aggregating shares of audience of related parties, etc. (referring to the share of audience of related parties to the relevant broadcasting business entity or the share of audience of another broadcasting business entities whose stocks or equity shares are owned by the relevant broadcasting business entity; hereinafter the same shall apply) to the share of audience of the broadcasting business entity. In such case, the share of audience of related parties, etc. may be calculated by applying different weight values, and where a corporation publishing daily newspapers (including related parties) concurrently run a broadcasting business or own stocks or equity shares, the subscription rate of the daily newspapers shall be converted into the share of audience at a certain ratio, as prescribed by Presidential Decree, and added to the share of audience of the relevant broadcasting business entity.

(3) Detailed criteria and methods for calculating the share of audience under paragraphs (1) and (2) and other necessary matters shall be determined and notified by the Korea Communications Commission, following deliberation thereon by the Media Diversity Promotion Committee, as prescribed by Presidential Decree.

(4) The Minister of Science and ICT or the Korea Communications Commission shall reflect the share of audience calculated under paragraph (2) in reviewing a license and approval under Article 9, approval for modification under Article 15-2, renewal of license, etc. under Article 17, etc. <Amended on Mar. 23, 2013; Jul. 26, 2017>

(5) The Korea Communications Commission may order any business entity whose share of audience exceeds the share of audience specified in paragraph (1) to take necessary measures, such as restrictions on holding a broadcasting business, restrictions on commercials airing time, and partial transfer of broadcast hours. In such cases, details concerning necessary measures to be taken shall be prescribed by Presidential Decree.

[This Article Added on Jul. 31, 2009]

Article 70(Organization and operation of channels) #

(1) A terrestrial broadcasting business entity, a CATV broadcasting business entity and a satellite broadcasting business entity that provide digital multimedia broadcasting shall organize and operate channels to ensure that they do not preponderate to a particular field of broadcasting and realize diversity, as prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Amended on Mar. 22, 2004; Jun. 9, 2020>

(2) No terrestrial broadcasting business entity, CATV broadcasting business entity and satellite broadcasting business entity that provide digital multimedia broadcasting shall directly use the broadcasting channels, or lease a channel to any related party to the relevant broadcasting business entity or to a specific program provider, in excess of the scope prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Amended on Mar. 22, 2004; Dec. 10, 2019; Jun. 9, 2020>

(3) A CATV broadcasting business entity and a satellite broadcasting business entity (excluding a satellite broadcasting business entity that provides digital multimedia broadcasting) shall have a channel which may be used by the State for public purposes (hereinafter referred to as "public channels"), a channel with missionary purposes of religions and a channel for the welfare of persons with disabilities, as prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Amended on Mar. 22, 2004; Jan. 17, 2012; Jun. 9, 2020>

(4) A CATV broadcasting business entity shall operate a local channel which produces, arranges and transmits local information, broadcast program guides, official announcements, etc., as prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Amended on Mar. 23, 2013; Jun. 9, 2020; Apr. 6, 2023>

(5) A CATV relay broadcasting business entity may operate an official announcement channel which produces, arranges and transmits broadcast program guides, official announcements, etc., as stipulated by Decree of the Ministry of Science and ICT; provided, official announcement channels shall not transmit news reports, commentaries or advertisements. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Jul. 26, 2017>

(6) Channels operable by a CATV relay broadcasting business entity shall be limited to the channels that receive and relay-transmit the following broadcasting; provided, the total channels operable by one CATV relay broadcasting business entity shall not exceed 31 and the number of audio and video recording channels shall not exceed 1/5 of the total channels operated: <Added on Mar. 13, 2015; Jul. 26, 2017>

1. Terrestrial broadcasting (only referring to television broadcasting);

2. Broadcasting on public channels;

3. Broadcasting on channels with missionary purposes of religions;

4. Broadcasting on channels for the welfare of people with disabilities;

5. Broadcasting on public-interest channels prescribed under paragraph (8);

6. Broadcasting operated by a Stage agency, public service corporation or non-profit corporation on channels notified by the Minister of Science and ICT after consulting with the Korea Communications Commission in consideration of the public interest or social needs of the relevant field of broadcasting.

(7) Where a viewer requests the broadcasting of a program directly produced by him or her, as stipulated by Decree of the Ministry of Science and ICT, a CATV broadcasting business entity and a satellite broadcasting business entity shall broadcast it, unless there is a compelling reason not to do so. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Jul. 14, 2011; Mar. 23, 2013; Jul. 26, 2017; Jun. 9, 2020>

(8) Every CATV broadcasting business entity and satellite broadcasting business entity (excluding any satellite broadcasting business entity who provides the digital multimedia broadcasting) shall operate a channel constituting the field of broadcasting published by the Korea Communications Commission, considering the public interest and social needs of the relevant field of broadcasting (hereinafter referred to as "public-interest channel"). In such case, procedures and standards for selecting public-interest channels, the scope of operations and other necessary matters shall be prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Added on Jan. 26, 2007; Feb. 29, 2008; Dec. 10, 2019>

(9) News reports other than local news and commentaries on specific issues are prohibited on local channels under paragraph (4); provided, the same shall not apply to the case of programming or transmitting news reports, commentaries, or other broadcasting programs on public channels. <Added on Apr. 6, 2023>

Article 71(Programming of domestic broadcast programs) #

(1) A broadcasting business entity shall program, among the total programs of the relevant channel, domestically-produced broadcast programs in excess of the specified ratio, as prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Amended on Dec. 10, 2019; Jun. 9, 2020>

(2) A broadcasting business entity shall program, among the annually-aired motion pictures, animations and popular music, domestically-produced motion pictures, animations and popular music in excess of the specified ratio, as prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Amended on Mar. 22, 2004; Jan. 17, 2012; Jun. 9, 2020>

(3) A terrestrial broadcasting business entity, a program provider engaged in general programming, and a program provider who programs animations in excess of the ratio prescribed by Presidential Decree among the total annual broadcasting hours, shall newly program domestically-produced animations in excess of the ratio prescribed by Presidential Decree, among all broadcasting programs aired by the relevant channel, considering viewer ratings, sales, etc.; provided, this shall not apply to a terrestrial broadcasting business entity having the area prescribed by Presidential Decree as his or her broadcasting zone. <Added on Jan. 17, 2012>

(4) In order to secure diversity in the reception of international cultures, every broadcasting business entity shall program the motion pictures, animations and popular music produced in one country not to exceed the specified ratio, among the annually-aired motion pictures, animations and popular music that are imported from foreign countries, as prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Amended on Jan. 17, 2012; Jun. 9, 2020>

(5) Where a broadcasting business entity programs domestically-produced animations for the prime time zone, he or she may apply weight values, as prescribed by Presidential Decree, to compute the programming ratio pursuant to paragraph (2). <Added on Jan. 17, 2012>

(6) Criteria for determining whether a broadcasting program, etc. is domestically produced pursuant to paragraphs (1) through (4) shall be prescribed by Presidential Decree, and the programming ratio thereof may be set differently in consideration of the characteristics, etc. of each broadcasting media and broadcasting field. <Amended on Jan. 17, 2012>

Article 73(Commercials) #

(1) A broadcasting business entity shall clearly distinguish commercials from broadcasting programs to avoid any confusion, and shall always display the caption "commercial", as prescribed by Presidential Decree, while airing commercials for, and spot commercials before and after, a broadcast program mainly viewed by children so that children may distinguish broadcasting programs from commercials. <Amended on Oct. 27, 2006; Jun. 9, 2020>

(2) Categories of commercials are as follows and matters necessary in relation to the allowable scope, time frame, frequencies, methods, etc. of airing commercials shall be prescribed by Presidential Decree: <Amended on May 18, 2005; Jul. 31, 2009; Jan. 27, 2016>

1. Broadcasting program commercials: Commercials programmed to be aired before and after broadcasting programs (referring to the time from the announcement of the sign-on title to the beginning of main broadcasting programs and from the ending of main broadcasting programs to the announcement of the sign-off title);

2. Commercial breaks: Commercials programmed to be aired during the time one broadcasting program is interrupted between the beginning of such broadcasting program and the ending of such broadcasting program;

3. Spot commercials: Commercials programmed to be aired between one broadcasting program and another broadcasting program;

4. Commercial captions: Commercials aired in the form of letters or pictures regardless of broadcasting programs;

5. Time signal commercials: Commercials aired when the present time is announced;

6. Virtual commercials: Commercials that insert virtual images created using computer graphics in broadcast programs;

7. Product placements: Commercials that exposes products, trademarks, names or logos of companies or services and others within broadcast programs.

(3) In cases of broadcasting that provides specialized programming featuring and marketing products, the content of the broadcasting for featuring and marketing the relevant products shall not be deemed a commercial. <Amended on Dec. 10, 2019>

(4) A broadcasting business entity and an electric sign board broadcasting business entity shall program the non-commercial, public interest advertisements produced for the purposes of promoting the public interest in at least the specified ratio prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Amended on Jun. 9, 2020>

(5) An external producer may sell a product placement when producing a broadcast program. <Added on Jan. 27, 2016>

(6) A broadcasting business entity and an external producer shall agree upon whether a product placement under paragraph (5) violates any provision of paragraph (2), the Review Regulations formulated under Article 33(1), and the self-review standards formulated under Article 86, following procedures prescribed by Presidential Decree, before outsourcing the sales of, or entering into an agreement for the sales of, the product placement. <Added on Jan. 27, 2016>

(7) An external producer shall provide a broadcast program that contains product placements to a broadcasting business entity by not later than the time the broadcasting business entity completes a self-review of the broadcasting program under Article 86. <Added on Jan. 27, 2016>

(8) Where a broadcast program produced by an external producer is programmed on the channel of a broadcasting business entity who can only air commercials entrusted by a broadcast advertising sales agency pursuant to Article 5(1) and (2) of the Act on Broadcast Advertising Sales Agencies (hereinafter referred to as "advertising sales agency"), the external producer shall entrust the sales of such commercials to the advertising sales agency, as prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Added on Jan. 27, 2016>

Article 76(Supply of broadcasting programs and general watching and listening right) #

(1) A broadcasting business entity shall, where it supplies broadcast programs to other broadcasting business entities, supply them at fair and reasonable market prices and without any discrimination.

(2) The Korea Communications Commission shall publish the sports games and other major events that are greatly popular with the people (hereinafter referred to as the "events that are greatly popular with the people, etc.") after going through the deliberation thereon by the General Watching and Listening Right Guarantee Committee provided for in Article 76-2. In such cases, the Korea Communications Commission shall consider the opinions of the Minister of Culture, Sports and Tourism, broadcasting business entities and viewers and listeners. <Added on Jan. 26, 2007; Feb. 29, 2008>

(3) Persons who hold the right to relay broadcasting for the events that are greatly popular with the people, etc. or their agents (hereinafter referred to as the "persons who hold the right to relay broadcasting, etc.") shall indiscriminately provide other broadcasting business entities with the right to relay the broadcasting for the events that are greatly popular with the people, etc. at fair and rational prices in order for the general people to watch and listen to them. <Added on Jan. 26, 2007>

(4) Every broadcasting business entity may report in writing any act that is performed in violation of the provisions of paragraphs (1) and (3) to the Korea Communications Commission. <Added on Jan. 26, 2007; Feb. 29, 2008>

(5) The Korea Communications Commission shall, upon receiving the written report referred to in paragraph (4), notify the result of how the written report is handled within 60 days from the date on which it receives the written report after going through the deliberation of the Broadcasting Dispute Conciliation Committee provided for in the provisions of Article 35-3. <Added on Jan. 26, 2007; Feb. 29, 2008>

[Title Amended on Jan. 26, 2007]

Article 76-3(Measures taken to guarantee general watching and listening right) #

(1) No broadcasting business entity and person who hold the right to relay broadcasting, etc. shall engage in, or cause any third person to engage in, any of the following acts (hereafter in this Article referred to as "prohibited act") in order to guarantee the general watching and listening right of the people pursuant to Article 76(3): <Amended on Jan. 27, 2016>

1. A failure to secure a means of broadcasting by which the households of at least the percentage prescribed by Presidential Decree out of the total households, may watch and listen the events that are greatly popular with the people, etc. (hereinafter referred to as "means of general broadcasting") as a person who hold the right to relay broadcasting, etc.;

2. A failure to broadcast the events that are greatly important with the people, etc. by a means of general broadcasting without good cause, Despite although he or she has the right to relay broadcasting;

3. Refusing or delaying the sale or purchase of the right to relay broadcasting without good cause;

4. A failure to provide a film footage for news reporting, commentaries, etc. on the events that are greatly popular with the people, etc. to broadcasting business entities, Internet multimedia broadcasting business entities, etc. without good cause.

(2) The Korea Communications Commission may order any broadcasting business entity, person who holds the right to relay broadcasting, etc., who have engaged in, or caused any third person to engage in, any prohibited act to take necessary corrective measures, such as to stop engaging in the prohibited act. In such case, the Korea Communications Commission shall give the relevant parties an opportunity to state their opinion within a specified period before it orders them to take the corrective measures; provided, the same shall not apply where the relevant parties refuse to state their opinions without good cause. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Jan. 27, 2016>

(3) Where necessary to investigate the facts as to whether a broadcasting business entity, person who holds the right to relay broadcasting, etc. has engaged in, or caused any third person to engage in, the prohibited act, the Korea Communications Commission may request materials from the broadcasting business entity, person who holds the right to relay broadcasting, etc., as prescribed by Presidential Decree, or require a subordinate public official to enter the office or place of business of the broadcasting business entity, person who holds the right to relay broadcasting, etc. to conduct an investigation. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Jan. 27, 2016; Jun. 9, 2020>

(4) Where a business entity, person who holds the right to relay broadcasting, etc. fail to take corrective measures ordered under paragraph (2) without good cause, the Korea Communications Commission may impose a penalty charge to the broadcasting business entity, person who holds the right to relay broadcasting, etc. within a maximum of the amount computed by multiplying 5/100 by the total contract amount of the relevant right to relay broadcasting. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Dec. 10, 2019>

(5) A public official who conducts an investigation pursuant to paragraph (3) shall carry a certificate indicating his or her authority and produce it to persons concerned. <Amended on Mar. 23, 2013>

(6) Detailed types of, and standards for, prohibited acts, and other necessary matters shall be prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Added on Jan. 27, 2016>

[This Article Added on Jan. 26, 2007]

Article 77(Reporting on terms and conditions of use of pay television) #

(1) A broadcasting business entity, a CATV relay broadcasting business entity, or a CATV music broadcasting business entity that intends to provide pay television services shall determine the terms and conditions concerning usage fees and use (hereinafter referred to as "terms and conditions of use") and report them to the Minister of Science and ICT; and the same shall also apply to modification of the reported terms and conditions of use.

(2) The terms and conditions of use shall satisfy all the following requirements:

1. Usage fees shall be clearly stipulated;

2. There shall be no details in violation of Article 85-2(1)3 and 4.

(3) Upon receipt of a report on, or a report on modification of, the terms and conditions of use under paragraph (1), the Minister of Science and ICT shall review the details thereof, verify whether such terms and conditions satisfy the requirements prescribed in the subparagraphs of paragraph (2), and, if so, accept the relevant report.

(4) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), in cases of any of the following usage fees, approval of the relevant terms and conditions of use shall be obtained from the Minister of Science and ICT; and the same shall also apply to modification of the approved terms and conditions of use:

1. Fees for minimum channel products specified in the terms and conditions of use (referring to the lowest fee-charging product among pay television products that charge for several channel units provided by a broadcasting business entity, a CATV relay broadcasting business entity, or a CATV music broadcasting business entity; hereinafter the same shall apply);

2. Fees for products sold by a broadcasting business entity, a CATV relay broadcasting business entity, or a CATV music broadcasting business entity, as a bundle of television services and services providing facilities-based telecommunications services defined in subparagraph 11 of Article 2 of the Telecommunications Business Act.

(5) Where the Minister of Science and ICT intends to approve the terms and conditions of use or to approve the modification thereof under paragraph (4), he or she shall consider whether the following requirements are satisfied:

1. The minimum channel products specified in the terms and conditions of use shall not be concentrated in any specific broadcast field;

2. Usage fees shall be reasonably set in consideration of the costs for supply, profits, cost reduction by the method of providing services, influence on fair competition environments, etc.

(6) Where a broadcasting business entity, a CATV relay broadcasting business entity, or a CATV music broadcasting business entity that provides pay television services modifies the terms and conditions of use pursuant to paragraph (1) or (4), such entity shall notify the users of such modification, as prescribed by Presidential Decree.

(7) Where the Minister of Science and ICT deems that the terms and conditions of use are substantially unfair or the negligence in giving notification of the modification of such terms and conditions under in paragraph (6) undermines the interest of viewers, he or she may order a broadcasting business entity, a CATV relay broadcasting business entity, or a CATV music broadcasting business entity that provides pay television services to modify or re-notify the terms and conditions of use for a reasonable fixed period.

(8) Detailed matters concerning the procedures, methods, standards, etc. for reporting, reporting for modification, approval, and approval for modification under paragraphs (1) through (7) shall be prescribed by Presidential Decree.

[This Article Wholly Amended on Jan. 11, 2022]

Article 78(Re-transmission) #

(1) A CATV broadcasting business entity, a satellite broadcasting business entity (excluding a satellite broadcasting business entity providing digital multimedia broadcasting), and a CATV relay broadcasting business entity shall receive the terrestrial broadcasts (excluding radio broadcasts) conducted by the Korean Broadcasting System and the Korea Educational Broadcasting System established under the Korea Educational Broadcasting System Act, and simultaneously re-transmit such terrestrial broadcasts without any modification (hereinafter referred to as "simultaneous re-transmission"); provided, this shall not apply where the broadcasting zones of the relevant CATV broadcasting business entity and the CATV relay broadcasting business entity are not included in the broadcasting zone of the relevant broadcasting business entity providing the terrestrial broadcasts. <Amended on Apr. 20, 2002; Mar. 22, 2004; Aug. 13, 2013; Dec. 10, 2019; Jun. 9, 2020>

(2) Notwithstanding the main clause of paragraph (1), where a terrestrial broadcasting business entity under paragraph (1) operates several terrestrial broadcasting channels, the terrestrial broadcast to be simultaneously re-transmitted shall be limited to one terrestrial broadcast channel designated and announced by the Minister of Science and ICT, considering the content, etc. of broadcast programming of each terrestrial broadcasting business entity. <Added on Apr. 20, 2002; Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Jul. 26, 2017; Jun. 9, 2020>

(3) The provisions concerning the simultaneous relay broadcasting rights under Article 85 of the Copyright Act shall not apply to simultaneous re-transmission under paragraph (1). <Amended on Dec. 28, 2006; Jun. 9, 2020>

(4) A CATV broadcasting business entity, a CATV relay broadcasting business entity, and a satellite broadcasting business entity shall obtain approval from the Minister of Science and ICT in order to simultaneously re-transmit the terrestrial broadcasts as classified below: <Amended on Mar. 13, 2015; Jul. 26, 2017>

1. A CATV broadcasting business entity and a CATV relay broadcasting business entity: simultaneously re-transmitting the terrestrial broadcasts conducted by a terrestrial broadcasting business entity granted a license outside the relevant broadcasting zone;

2. A satellite broadcasting business entity: simultaneously re-transmitting the relevant terrestrial broadcasts outside the terrestrial broadcasting zone (excluding simultaneous re-transmission pursuant to paragraphs (1) and (2)).

(5) Deleted. <Jul. 27, 2007>

(6) Types of re-transmission under paragraph (4) and the requirements, procedures for, and term of validity of, approval, and other necessary matters shall be prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Amended on Apr. 20, 2002; Oct. 27, 2006; Jul. 27, 2007>

(7) Deleted. <Dec. 22, 2015>

Article 78-2(Approval for re-transmission to the Republic of Korea by foreign broadcasting business entity) #

(1) When a foreign broadcasting business entity (referring to a foreigner who provides broadcasting services that are domestically received from broadcast transmission facilities in a foreign country or wireless facilities of a foreign artificial satellite, including a foreigner who may, in accordance with treaties, provide broadcasting services under this Act; hereinafter the same shall apply) intends to have other broadcasting business entities domestically re-transmit broadcasting services, he shall obtain approval from the Minister of Science and ICT. In such case, the temporary relay transmission of a specific broadcast program, including that in which the standards provided for in Presidential Decree are satisfied, shall not be deemed to be such re-transmission. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Jul. 26, 2017>

(2) The Minister of Science and ICT shall, where it receives an application for approval from any foreign broadcasting business entity under paragraph (1), review the following matters on an overall basis: <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Jul. 26, 2017>

1. Possibility of realizing the fairness and public nature of broadcasting;

2. Effects on domestic broadcasting and visual industry;

3. Extent of contribution to the development of domestic broadcasting and visual industry;

4. Cultural diversity and social needs;

5. Whether or not there is a domestic branch, office or agent and matters related to the rights and duties with respect to re-transmission delegated to the branch, office or agent by the said foreign broadcasting business entity;

6. Extent of contribution to the promotion of international friendship and mutual understanding;

7. Possibility that any broadcast content may constitute a violation of the Review Regulations formulated under Article 33 or any other Act such as the Criminal Act or the Copyright Act.

(3) Any foreign broadcasting business entity who obtains approval under paragraph (1) shall ensure that re-transmitted broadcast content comply with the Review Regulations formulated under Article 33.

(4) The Minister of Science and ICT may, when necessary to perform his or her duties, request any foreign broadcasting business entity (including his domestic branch, office or agent) to submit relevant materials. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Jul. 26, 2017>

(5) The Minister of Science and ICT may revoke the approval granted to any foreign broadcasting business entity under paragraph (1) in the following cases: <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Jul. 26, 2017>

1. Where any broadcast content constitutes a violation of paragraph (3);

2. Where the conditions of approval are not fulfilled;

3. Where any broadcast content constitutes a violation of any other Act such as the Criminal Act or the Copyright Act.

(6) No person, other than a broadcasting business entity receiving and re-transmitting broadcasting services provided by a foreign broadcasting business entity who has obtained approval under paragraph (1), shall re-transmit programs provided by any other foreign broadcasting business entity.

(7) The scope of and standards for a broadcasting business entity’s re-transmission of broadcasting services, provided by a foreign broadcasting business entity who has obtained approval under paragraph (1), shall be provided for in Presidential Decree.

(8) Matters necessary for the procedures, etc. for approval and revocation thereof under paragraphs (1) and (5) shall be provided for in Presidential Decree.

[This Article Added on Jul. 27, 2007]

Article 79(Technological standards for cable broadcasting station facilities) #

(1) The Minister of Science and ICT shall set forth the matters concerning the installation and maintenance of cable broadcasting station facilities (including a CATV broadcasting station and the facilities for providing the CATV relay broadcasting or the CATV music broadcasting; hereinafter the same shall apply) and the technological standards necessary for a point of demarcation, etc. of signal transmission and line facilities (hereinafter referred to as "technological standards"), and make a public notification thereof. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Jul. 26, 2017>

(2) A CATV broadcasting business entity, a CATV relay broadcasting business entity, and a CATV music broadcasting business entity shall install cable broadcasting station facilities by the due date prescribed by Presidential Decree, as prescribed by the technical standards. <Amended on Jan. 11, 2022>

(3) A CATV broadcasting business entity, a CATV relay broadcasting business entity, and a CATV music broadcasting business entity may install the signal transmission or line facilities by themselves, or use the signal transmission or line facilities of a signal transmission network business entity or the telecommunication facilities of a fundamental telecommunication business entity under the Telecommunications Business Act, and a CATV broadcasting business entity and a CATV relay broadcasting business entity may reciprocally use their signal transmission or line facilities. <Amended on Mar. 22, 2010>

(4) A CATV broadcasting business entity, a CATV relay broadcasting business entity and a CATV music broadcasting business entity may, where they are unable to install the cable broadcasting station facilities by the deadline prescribed by Presidential Decree due to force majeure or other unavoidable grounds, request the Minister of Science and ICT to extend the deadline for installation of facilities under the conditions prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Jul. 26, 2017; Jun. 9, 2020>

[Title Amended on Jan. 11, 2022]

Article 85-2(Prohibited acts) #

(1) No broadcasting business entity, CATV relay broadcasting business entity, CATV music broadcasting business entity, electric sign board broadcasting business entity, and signal transmission network business entity (hereinafter referred to as "broadcasting business entity, etc.") shall engage in, or cause any third person to engage in, any of the following acts which hamper or likely to hamper fair competition among the entities or viewers’ interests (hereinafter referred to as "prohibited act"): <Amended on Mar. 13, 2015; Dec. 22, 2015>

1. Refusing, interrupting or restricting access to the facilities essential for providing channels or programs or for rendering services by other broadcasting business entities, etc., or changing broadcast programming, without good cause;

2. Refusing, deferring or restricting the distribution of reasonable profits to other broadcasting business entities, etc.;

3. Unduly obstructing viewers' watching broadcasts of other broadcasting business entities, etc. or the conclusion of an agreement for service provision by other broadcasting business entities, etc.;

4. Unduly discriminating viewers, thus resulting in the provision of a broadcasting service with substantially favorable or unfavorable conditions in terms of fees or usage;

5. Providing a broadcasting service in contravention of the terms and condition for use of the service, or charging for a service in discordance with the service contract;

6. Unduly using viewers' personal information that has come to its knowledge in the course of providing a broadcasting service;

7. Unfairly determining, canceling or changing the date, time, quantity and production costs of products marketing broadcasting by a program provider engaging in specialized programming featuring and marketing products, against a supplier on condition of broadcasting programming;

8. Prohibiting a person who intends to appear in a broadcast program from appearing in the broadcast program, at the request of a person other than the executive officers and staff of the broadcasting business entity, for a reason irrelevant to the production of the broadcast program, against the intent of a decision on the provisional measure, final and conclusive decision, conciliation, arbitration, etc. between the person who intends to appear in the broadcast program and a person other than broadcasting business entity.

(2) The Korea Communications Commission may order a broadcasting business entity, etc. who engages in a prohibited act to stop engaging in the relevant prohibited act, delete or change the relevant provisions of the contract, publish the fact that it has been ordered to take a corrective measure for engaging in a prohibited act, or take other necessary corrective measures. In the cases falling under paragraph (1)7, it shall notify the Minister of Science and ICT of the relevant facts. <Amended on Mar. 13, 2015; Jul. 26, 2017>

(3) When a broadcasting business entity, etc. engages in a prohibited act, the Korea Communications Commission may impose, in consultation with the Fair Trade Commission, a penalty surcharge within a maximum of 2/100 of the sales proceeds prescribed by Presidential Decree on such broadcasting business entity, etc.; provided, the Korea Communications Commission may impose a penalty surcharge not exceeding 500 million won where no sales proceeds accrue to the broadcasting business entity, etc. because such broadcasting business entity, etc. has not commenced its business or suspends its business, or it is hard to calculate the sales proceeds as prescribed by Presidential Decree.

(4) When necessary for investigating the facts as to whether a broadcasting business entity, etc. has engaged in a prohibited act, the Korea Communications Commission may request materials from the relevant broadcasting business entity, etc., as prescribed by Presidential Decree.

(5) Detailed types of, and criteria for, prohibited acts, and other necessary matters shall be prescribed by Presidential Decree.

(6) When the Korea Communications Commission has issued a corrective order under paragraph (2) or imposed a penalty surcharge under paragraph (3) in relation to a broadcasting business entity, etc.’ violation of paragraph (1), the Korea Communications Commission shall neither issue a corrective order nor impose a penalty surcharge under the Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act and the Act on Fair Transactions in Large Franchise and Retail Business, for the same violation committed by the broadcasting business entity, etc. for the same reason. <Amended on Mar. 13, 2015>

[This Article Added on Jul. 14, 2011]

Article 90-2(Community media foundation) #

(1) The Korea Communications Commission shall establish a community media foundation for such purposes as facilitating viewers’ participation in broadcasting and promoting their rights and benefits: <Amended on May 28, 2014; Dec. 22, 2015>

1. Deleted; <May 28, 2014>

2. Deleted; <May 28, 2014>

3. Deleted; <May 28, 2014>

4. Deleted. <May 28, 2014>

(2) The community media foundation shall be a corporation. <Amended on May 28, 2014; Dec. 22, 2015>

(3) The community media foundation shall have executives and necessary employees, as prescribed by the articles of incorporation. <Amended on May 28, 2014; Dec. 22, 2015>

(4) The community media foundation shall perform the following projects: <Amended on May 28, 2014; Dec. 22, 2015>

1. Education, activity-based programs and public relations about media;

2. Support for broadcasting programs produced by viewers;

3. Support for use of various broadcast-production facilities;

4. Other projects for facilitating viewers’ participation in broadcasting and for promoting their rights and benefits;

5. Projects prescribed as the business affairs of, or entrusted to, the community media foundation under this Act or other statutes or regulations;

6. Projects entrusted from the State or a local government.

(5) The community media foundation may establish a community media center in a necessary place, as prescribed by the articles of corporation, to perform the projects referred to in paragraph (4). <Added on Dec. 22, 2015>

(6) Except as provided in this Act, the provisions of the Civil Act on incorporated foundations shall apply mutatis mutandis to the community media foundation. <Amended on May 28, 2014; Dec. 22, 2015>

(7) The State or a local government may grant contributions to wholly or partially cover the expenses incurred in establishing and operating the community media foundation. <Amended on May 28, 2014; Dec. 22, 2015>

(8) Standards for establishment of community media foundation under paragraph (1), the operation thereof and other necessary matters shall be prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Amended on May 28, 2014; Dec. 22, 2015>

[This Article Added on Jan. 17, 2012]

[Title Amended on Dec. 22, 2015]

Article 100(Sanctions) #

(1) Where a broadcasting business entity, a CATV relay broadcasting business entity, an electric sign board broadcasting business entity, or an external producer violates any provision of the Review Regulations formulated under Article 33 and the regulations for announcement of sponsors prescribed in Article 74(2), the Korea Communications Commission may impose a penalty of not more than 50 million won, or impose any of the following sanctions, based on the cause, gravity, and frequency of the violation. The same shall also apply, if deemed necessary for imposing a sanction as a result of the settlement of viewers' complaints prescribed in Article 35; provided, where such business entity’s violation of the Review Regulations, etc. is grave enough to impose a sanction, the Korea Communications Commission may advise or suggest its opinions to the relevant business entity, or the person in charge of, or related to, the relevant broadcast program or commercial: <Amended on Oct. 27, 2006; Feb. 29, 2008; Jul. 31, 2009; Dec. 22, 2015; Jan. 27, 2016>

1. Deleted; <Mar. 23, 2013>

2. A correction, rectification, or suspension of the relevant broadcast program or commercial;

3. A disciplinary action against the person in charge of broadcast programming or the person related to the relevant broadcast program or commercial;

4. A caution or warning.

(2) Where the sanction prescribed in paragraph (1) is imposed due to a person cast for the relevant broadcast program, the relevant broadcasting business entity shall take an appropriate measure, such as a warning, restrictions on casting for the relevant broadcasting program. <Added on Oct. 27, 2006; Jun. 9, 2020>

(3) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), the Korea Communications Commission may impose a penalty surcharge of not more than 100 million won for the following grave violations: <Added on Oct. 27, 2006; Feb. 29, 2008; Jun. 9, 2020>

1. Violation of the Review Regulations in terms of lewdness, decadence, violence, etc.;

2. Violation of the Review Regulations for such grounds as appearing on broadcasting after having taken, injected, inhaled, or drunken narcotics defined under subparagraph 1 of Article 2 of the Narcotics Control Act;

3. Repeated violation of the Review Regulations for the same ground, as prescribed by Presidential Decree, although any of the sanctions provided for in paragraph (1)1 through 3 was imposed.

(4) Upon receipt of imposition of the penalty or sanction prescribed in paragraph (1) or (3), a broadcasting business entity, a CATV relay broadcasting business entity, an electric sign board broadcasting business entity, and an external producer shall broadcast without delay the full text of the decision made by the Korea Communications Commission with regard to the content of the relevant order (excluding an external producer), and implement the sanction within seven days from receipt of such sanction, and report the outcomes of implementation to the Korea Communications Commission. <Amended on Oct. 27, 2006; Feb. 29, 2008; Jul. 31, 2009; Jan. 27, 2016>

(5) Where a program provider that engages in specialized programming of the introduction and sale of products is subject to penalty surcharges or sanctions prescribed in paragraph (1) or (3) as it violates the matters prescribed by the Review Regulations referred to in Article 33 by broadcasting content misleading viewers such as falsity and exaggeration, it shall post the full text of the decision thereon made by the Korea Communications Commission on the website that it operates in accordance with the standards and methods prescribed by Presidential Decree or shall notify consumers who purchased the relevant products of such text by mail, email, or any other means. In such cases, the program provider that engages in specialized programming of the introduction and sale of products shall post the text or notify consumers within seven days and shall report the results thereof to the Korea Communications Commission. <Added on Mar. 13, 2018>

(6) The Korea Communications Commission shall provide the relevant party or his or her agent with an opportunity to state his or her opinions before imposing the penalties or sanction prescribed in paragraphs (1) through (3); provided, this shall not apply where the relevant party or his or her agent refuses to state his or her opinions without any justifiable grounds. <Amended on Oct. 27, 2006; Feb. 29, 2008; Jul. 31, 2009; Mar. 13, 2018>

(7) A person dissatisfied with a penalty or sanction imposed under paragraphs (1) and (3) may request for a review to the Korea Communications Commission within 30 days from the date when such penalty or sanction is imposed. <Amended on Oct. 27, 2006; Feb. 29, 2008; Jul. 31, 2009; Mar. 13, 2018; Dec. 10, 2019>

(8) The Korea Communications Commission shall notify the relevant party or his or her agent of the results of a review conducted under paragraph (7). <Amended on Oct. 27, 2006; Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 13, 2018>

[Article 100(1)1 was deleted by Act No. 11710 promulgated on March 23, 2013 following the decision of unconstitutionality made by the Constitutional Court on August 3, 2012]

Article 108(Administrative fines) #

(1) Any of the following persons shall be subject to an administrative fine of not more than 30 million won: <Amended on Apr. 20, 2002; Mar. 22, 2004; May 18, 2005; Oct. 27, 2006; Jul. 27, 2007; Feb. 29, 2008; Jul. 31, 2009; Jul. 14, 2011; Jan. 17, 2012; May 28, 2014; Mar. 13, 2015; Jun. 22, 2015; Dec. 22, 2015; Jan. 27, 2016; Mar. 13, 2018; Dec. 10, 2019; Jun. 9, 2020; Jan. 11, 2022; Apr. 6, 2023; Jan. 23, 2024; Oct. 22, 2024; Aug. 26, 2025>

1. A person who has violated the provisions of Article 4(3) by engaging in any of the following acts:

a. A person who, in violation of Article 4(3), appoints a person responsible for broadcast programming without recommendation by the programming committee (limited to broadcasting business entities falling under any subparagraph of Article 4-2(1)) or fails to appoint a person responsible for broadcast programming;

b. A person who fails to publicly announce the name of a programming director at least on one occasion a day during the broadcasting hours, in violation of Article 4(3);

1-2. A person who fails to comply with the broadcasting programming convenant in violation of Article 4(6);

1-3. A person who violates Article 4-2(2) and fails to implement the deliberation and resolution matters of the programming committee;

1-4. A person who provides a converged broadcasting service without a report or a report on modification under Article 9-3(2) being accepted;

1-5. A person who suspends or discontinues a converged broadcasting service without a report Article 9-3(6) being accepted;

2. A person who fails to file a report under the proviso of Article 15(1)1;

2-2. A person who fails to report as provided in Article 15(2) and (3);

2-3. A person who fails to file a report under the proviso of Article 15-2(1);

3. A person who fails to indicate the rate of a broadcast program, in violation of Article 33(4);

3-2. A person who fails to submit materials under Article 35-5(3);

4. A person who arranges the programs of broadcast, in violation of Article 69(3) through (6);

5. A person who organizes and operates channels, in violation of Article 70(1) through (4) or (9);

6. A person who operates channels in violation of the proviso to Article 70(5), or Article 70(6);

7. A person who fails to broadcast a broadcast program produced by a viewer, except in extenuating circumstances, in violation of Article 70(7);

7-2. A person who organizes and operates channels, in violation of Article 70(8);

7-3. A person who disobeys an order issued under Article 70-2(2);

8. A person who arranges the programs of broadcast, in violation of Article 71(1) through (4);

9. A person who arranges the programs of broadcast, in violation of the programming ratio set under Article 72(1) and (3);

10. A person who airs commercials, in violation of Article 73(1), (2) or (4);

10-2. A broadcasting business entity who fails to make an agreement without good cause pursuant to Article 73(6), or an external producer who sells product placement without the agreement under the same paragraph;

10-3. A person who sells a product placement, in violation of Article 73(8);

10-4. A person who fails to submit the data on sales status of commercials, in violation of Article 73-2, or submits false data;

11. A person who makes an announcement of sponsors, in violation of Article 74(1) and (2);

11-2. Deleted; <Mar. 22, 2010>

12. A person who provides pay television services without a report on, or a report on modification of, the terms and conditions of use being accepted or without obtaining approval of, or approval for modification of, the terms and conditions of use, in violation of Article 77(3) or (4);

12-2. A person who fails to notify the users of the modification of the terms and conditions of use, in violation of Article 77(6);

13. A person who fails to simultaneously re-transmit, in violation of Article 78(1);

14. A person who makes re-transmission, in violation of Article 78(4), and a person who installs and operates facilities for broadcasting by entrustment of a broadcasting business entity and who makes the re-transmission possible, constituting a violation of Article 78(4);

14-2. Any of the following foreign broadcasting business entities:

a. A person who makes re-transmission without approval, in violation of Article 78-2(1);

b. A person who makes re-transmission, in violation of Article 78-2(3);

c. A person who fails to comply with a request for submission of materials under Article 78-2(4) or who submits false materials;

14-3. A person who makes re-transmission, in violation of Article 78-2(6), or a person who violates the scope of, and standards for, re-transmission under paragraph (7) of the same Article;

15. A person who fails to receive verification, in violation of Article 80;

16. Deleted; <Jan. 27, 2016>

17. A person who fails to record a broadcast log under Article 83(1) or records it in falsity, or a person who fails to submit the results of conducting broadcast;

18. A person who fails to keep the original or copy of a broadcast program and commercial, in violation of Article 83(2);

19. A person who closes or suspends the business without a report under Article 84(2) being accepted; provided, a program provider registered or reported under the main clause of Article 9(5) shall be excluded herefrom;

19-2. A person who refuses to submit materials, in violation of Article 85-2(4), or submits false materials;

20. A person who fails to establish an organization for self-review or fails to review the broadcast programs, in violation of Article 86(1), or a person who airs any commercial that contains misleading contents, such as falsity and exaggeration, in violation of paragraph (2) of the same Article;

21. A person who fails to establish a viewers’ committee, in violation of Article 87(1);

21-2. A person who, without obtaining a recommendation under Article 87 (2), commissions any person as a member of the viewers' committee;

22. A person who fails to arrange a viewers‘ evaluation program, in violation of Article 89(1);

23. A person who refuses to submit necessary data or appearance and replies by a relevant party, in violation of Article 90(3);

24. A person who fails to report to the Korea Communications Commission on the results of a review by a viewers' committee and their settlements, in violation of Article 90(4);

25. Deleted; <Jan. 27, 2005>

25-2. A person who fails to submit data, in violation of Article 98(1), or submits false data;

25-3. A person who fails to submit materials under Article 98(3), or submits false materials;

26. A person who fails to submit the status of assets, in violation of Article 98-2(1), or submits false status of assets;

26-2. A person who fails to take a measure, such as a warning or restriction on appearing on broadcasting with respect to a broadcasting performer who has violated Article 100(2);

27. A person who fails to broadcast the full text of the decision made by the Korea Communications Commission, or fails to report the outcomes thereof to the Korea Communications Commission, in violation of Article 100(4);

28. A person who fails to post the full text of the decision made by the Korea Communications Commission on the website that he or she operates, to notify consumers who purchased the relevant products of such text, or to report the results thereof to the Korea Communications Commission, in violation of Article 100(5).

(2) A person who fails to submit data without any special reason, in violation of Article 90-3(2), shall be subject to an administrative fine not exceeding 10 million won. <Added on Jan. 11, 2022>

(3) The Minister of Science and ICT or the Korea Communications Commission (hereinafter referred to as "imposing authority") shall impose and collect administrative fines under paragraphs (1) and (2), as prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Jul. 26, 2017; Jun. 9, 2020; Jan. 11, 2022>

(4) Deleted. <Dec. 22, 2015>

(5) Deleted. <Dec. 22, 2015>

[Title Amended on Jan. 11, 2022]

Article 109(Imposition and collection of penalty surcharges) #

(1) The Minister of Science and ICT or the Korea Communications Commission shall take into account the following matters when he or she imposes penalty surcharges under the provisions of this Act: <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Jul. 26, 2017; Jun. 9, 2020>

1. The contents and extent of the offense;

2. The duration and frequency of the offense;

3. The scale, etc. of gains acquired from the offense.

(2) Where any broadcasting business entity that has violated the provisions of this Act has merged, the Minister of Science and ICT or the Korea Communications Commission may impose and collect penalty surcharges by deeming the offense committed by the relevant juridical person to be an act performed by the juridical person existing after the merger or established by the merger. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Jul. 26, 2017; Dec. 10, 2019>

(3) Where the relevant broadcasting business entity who has been imposed penalty surcharges is divided, or divided and merged (including where division, or division and merger is executed on the date of imposition), the juridical persons falling under each of the following subparagraphs shall be jointly responsible to pay the said penalty surcharges: <Amended on Dec. 10, 2019>

1. The juridical person which is divided;

2. The juridical person established from division, or division and merger;

3. Where a part of the company which is divided merges with another company and such another company continues to exist, such another juridical person.

(4) Where any broadcasting business entity that has been imposed penalty surcharges is dissolved due to a division, or division and merger (including where it is dissolved on the date of imposition), the juridical persons falling under each of the following subparagraphs shall be jointly responsible to pay the said penalty surcharge:

1. The juridical person established from the division, or division and merger;

2. Where a part of the juridical person which is divided merges with another juridical person and such juridical person continues to exist, such juridical person.

(5) When any obligor for payment of penalty surcharges fails to pay the penalty surcharges until the time limit of payment, the Minister of Science and ICT or the Korea Communications Commission shall urge the said obligor for payment by fixing a period, and when the said obligor fails to pay the penalty surcharges within the fixed period, it of he may collect the penalty surcharges by referring to the examples of dispositions on national taxes in arrears. <Amended on Feb. 29, 2008; Mar. 23, 2013; Jul. 26, 2017; Jun. 9, 2020>

(6) Necessary matters regarding the standards for imposition of penalty surcharges and the collection of penalty surcharges under paragraph (1) shall be prescribed by Presidential Decree. <Amended on Jun. 9, 2020>

[This Article Added on Oct. 27, 2006]

Article 1(Purpose) #

Article 2(Definitions) #

Article 3(Protection of rights and interests of viewers) #

Article 4(Freedom and independence of broadcast programming) #

Article 4-2(Establishment and composition of programming committee) #

Article 5(Public responsibility of broadcasting) #

Article 6(Impartiality and public interest of broadcasting) #

Article 7(Scope of application) #

Article 8(Restrictions on ownership) #

Article 9(Licenses approval and registration) #

Article 9-2(Requirements for registration and reporting of program-providing business) #

Article 9-3(Reporting on technology-combined services) #

Article 9-4(Special cases on providing technology neutral services) #

Article 10(Criteria and procedures for evaluation) #

Article 11(Public notification of broadcast fields, etc.) #

Article 12(Grounds for regional business privilege) #

Article 13(Grounds for disqualification) #

Article 14(Foreign capital investment and contribution) #

Article 15(Permission for modifications) #

Article 15-2(Modified approval for largest investor) #

Article 16(Period of validity of license or approval) #

Article 17(Renewed licenses) #

Article 18(Revocation of licenses, approval or registration) #

Article 19(Imposition of penalty surcharges) #

Article 20(Appointment of representatives of broadcasting business entities) #

Article 21(Appointment of persons in charge of news reporting by broadcasting business entities) #

Article 22 #

Article 23 #

Article 24 #

Article 25 #

Article 26 #

Article 27 #

Article 28 #

Article 29 #

Article 30 #

Article 31(Broadcast Review Committee) #

Article 32(Deliberation on impartiality and public nature of broadcast) #

Article 33(Review regulations) #

Article 34 #

Article 35(Viewers' Rights Protection Committee) #

Article 35-2 #

Article 35-3(Composition and operation of Broadcasting Dispute Conciliation Committee) #

Article 35-4(Media Diversity Promotion Committee) #

Article 35-5(Broadcasting Market Competition Evaluation Committee) #

Article 36 #

Article 37 #

Article 38 #

Article 39 #

Article 40 #

Article 41 #

Article 42 #

Article 42-2(Establishment of Regional Broadcasting Development Committee) #

Article 42-3 #

Article 42-4 #

Article 43(Establishment) #

Article 44(Public responsibility of system) #

Article 45(Matters stated in articles of incorporation) #

Article 46(Establishment and operation of board of directors) #

Article 47(Term of directorship) #

Article 48(Grounds for disqualification of directors) #

Article 49(Functions of board of directors) #

Article 50(Executive organs) #

Article 50-2(Establishment of the Public Recommendation Committee for Presidential Candidates) #

Article 51(Duties of executive organs) #

Article 52(Appointment and dismissal of personnel) #

Article 53(Liability as matter of duties of directors and executive organs and (1) #

Article 54(Business affairs) #

Article 55(Settlement of accounts) #

Article 55-2(Disclosure of remuneration of directors and executive organs) #

Article 56(Revenue sources) #

Article 57(Compilation of budget) #

Article 58(Formulation of operational plans) #

Article 59(Submission of statement of accounts) #

Article 60(Report of acquisition of real estate) #

Article 61(Subsidies) #

Article 62(Entrustment of goods purchase and construction contracts) #

Article 63(Audit) #

Article 64(Registration of television receivers and payment of TV license fees) #

Article 65(Determination of TV license fees) #